If you are planning to appear for GATE Exams should gather all the complete information about GATE Exam Pattern and its syllabus. Aspirants can find the GATE 2023 Syllabus for Biotechnology from this page. Moreover, It will be released on the official website of IIT for the aspirants to prepare for the exams accordingly.
For the GATE Exams, there are about 27 subjects and Biotechnology Engineering is a primary and major subject with its subject code BT. The students is allowed to choose this paper for the exam along with the relative secondary paper too. If the students follow the GATE syllabus, the pattern of exam, marking scheme, and reference material will ace the exams more efficiently. Let’s look out the complete information in regards to GATE Biotechnology Syllabus as mentioned in the post below.
GATE Biotechnology Syllabus
Section-1: Engineering Mathematics
Linear Algebra:
- Matrix algebra
- Systems of linear equations
- Consistency and rank
- Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors
Calculus:
- Mean value theorems
- Theorems of integral calculus
- Partial derivatives
- Maxima and minima
- Multiple integrals
- Fourier series
- Vector identities,
- Line
- Surface and volume integrals
- Stokes
- Gauss and Green’s theorems.
Differential equations:
- First-order equation (linear and nonlinear)
- Second-order linear differential equations with constant coefficients
- Method of variation of parameters
- Cauchy’s and Euler’s equations
- Initial and boundary value problems
- Solution of partial differential equations
- Variable separable method.
Analysis of complex variables:
- Analytic functions
- Cauchy’s integral theorem and integral formula
- Taylor’s and Laurent’s series
- Residue theorem
- Solution of integrals
Probability and Statistics:
- Sampling theorems
- Conditional probability
- Mean
- Median
- Mode
- Standard deviation and variance
- Random variables
- Discrete and continuous distributions
- Normal
- Poisson and binomial distributions
Numerical Methods:
- Matrix inversion
- Solutions of nonlinear algebraic equations
- Iterative methods for solving differential equations
- Numerical integration
- Regression
- Correlation analysis
Section-2: General Biotechnology
Biochemistry:
- Biomolecules – structure and function
- Biological membranes – membrane channels, structure, and pumps
- Molecular motors
- Action potential and transport processes
- Basic concepts
- Regulation of metabolism of carbohydrates
- Lipids
- Amino acids
- Nucleic acids
- Photosynthesis
- Respiration and electron transport chain
- Enzymes – Regulatory strategies, catalytic and classification
- Enzyme kinetics – Michaelis-Menten equation
- Enzyme inhibition – Uncompetitive inhibition, non-competitive and competitive
Microbiology:
- Bacterial classification and diversity
- Microbial Ecology – terrestrial ecosystems, freshwater and microbes in marine
- Microbial interactions
- Viruses – classification and structure
- Methods in microbiology
- Microbial growth and nutrition
- Nitrogen fixation
- Microbial diseases and host-pathogen interactions
- Antibiotics and antimicrobial resistance.
Immunology:
- Innate and adaptive immunity
- Humoral and cell-mediated immunity
- Antibody structure and function
- Molecular basis of antibody diversity
- T cell and B cell development
- Antigen-antibody reaction
- Complement
- Primary and secondary lymphoid organs
- Major histocompatibility complex (MHC)
- Antigen processing and presentation
- Polyclonal and monoclonal antibody
- Regulation of immune response
- Immune tolerance
- Hypersensitivity
- Autoimmunity
- Graft versus host reaction
- Immunization and vaccines
Section-3: Genetics, Cellular, and Molecular Biology
Genetics and Evolutionary Biology:
- Mendelian inheritance
- Gene interaction
- Complementation
- Linkage
- Recombination and chromosome mapping
- Extrachromosomal inheritance
- Microbial genetics – transformation
- Transduction and conjugation
- Horizontal gene transfer and transposable elements
- Chromosomal variation
- Genetic disorders
- Population genetics
- Epigenetics
- Selection and inheritance
- Adaptive and neutral evolution
- Genetic drift
- Species and speciation
Cell Biology:
- Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell structure
- Cell cycle and cell growth control
- Extracellular matrix
- Cell-cell communication
- Cell signaling and signal transduction
- Post-translational modifications
- Protein trafficking
- Cell death and autophagy
Molecular Biology:
- Molecular structure of genes and chromosomes
- Mutations and mutagenesis
- Regulation of gene expression
- Nucleic acid
- Replication
- Transcription
- Splicing
- Translation and their regulatory mechanisms
- Non-coding and micro RNA
- RNA interference
- DNA damage and repair
Section-4: Fundamentals of Biological Engineering
Engineering principles applied to biological systems:
- Energy and material balances for reactive and non-reactive systems
- Recycle
- Bypass and purge processes
- Stoichiometry of growth and product formation
- Degree of reduction
- Electron balance
- Theoretical oxygen demand
Classical thermodynamics and Bioenergetics:
- Laws of thermodynamics
- Solution thermodynamics
- Phase equilibria
- Reaction equilibria
- Ligand binding
- Membrane potential
- Energetics of metabolic pathways
- Oxidation and reduction reactions
Transport Processes:
- Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids
- Fluid flow – laminar and turbulent
- Mixing in bioreactors
- Mixing time
- Molecular diffusion and film theory
- Oxygen transfer and uptake in bioreactor
- kLa and its measurement
- Conductive and convective heat transfer
- LMTD
- Overall heat transfer coefficient
- Heat exchangers
Section-5: Bioprocess Engineering and Process Biotechnology:
Bioreaction engineering:
- Rate law
- Zero and first-order kinetics
- Ideal reactors – batch
- Mixed flow and plug flow
- Enzyme immobilization
- Diffusion effects – Thiele modulus
- Effectiveness factor
- Damkoehler number
- Kinetics of cell growth
- Substrate utilization and product formation
- Structured and unstructured models
- Batch
- Fed-batch and continuous processes
- Microbial and enzyme reactors
- Optimization and scale up
Upstream and Downstream Processing:
- Media formulation and optimization
- Sterilization of air and media
- Filtration – membrane filtration
- Ultrafiltration
- Centrifugation – high speed and ultra
- Cell disruption
- Principles of chromatography
- Ion exchange
- Gel filtration
- Hydrophobic interaction
- Affinity
- GC
- HPLC and FPLC
- Extraction
- Adsorption and drying
Instrumentation and Process Control:
- Pressure
- Temperature and flow measurement devices
- Valves
- First order and second order systems
- Feedback and feed forward control
- Types of controllers – proportional
- Derivative and integral control
- Tuning of controllers
Section-6: Plant, Animal, and Microbial Biotechnology:
Plants:
- Totipotency
- Regeneration of plants
- Plant growth regulators and elicitors
- Tissue culture and cell suspension culture system
- Methodology
- Kinetics of growth and nutrient optimization
- Production of secondary metabolites
- Hairy root culture
- Plant products of industrial importance
- Artificial seeds
- Somaclonal variation
- Protoplast
- Protoplast fusion
- Somatic hybrid and hybrid
- Transgenic plants
- Indirect and direct methods of gene transfer techniques
- Selection marker and reporter gene
- Plastid transformation
Animals:
- Culture media composition and growth conditions
- Animal cell and tissue preservation
- Anchorage and non-anchorage dependent cell culture
- Kinetics of cell growth
- Micro & macro-carrier culture
- Hybridoma technology
- Stem cell technology
- Animal cloning
- Transgenic animals
- Knock-out and knock-in animals
Microbes:
- Production of biomass and primary/secondary metabolites
- Biofuels
- Bioplastic, industrial enzymes
- Antibiotics
- Large scale production and purification of recombinant metabolites and proteins
- Clinical
- Food- and industrial- microbiology
- Screening strategies for new products
Section-7: Recombinant DNA technology and Other Tools in Biotechnology
Recombinant DNA technology:
- Restriction and modification enzymes
- Vectors
- Plasmids
- Bacteriophage and other viral vectors
- Cosmids
- Ti plasmid
- Bacterial and yeast artificial chromosomes
- Expression vectors
- cDNA and genomic DNA library
- Gene isolation and cloning
- Strategies for production of recombinant proteins
- Transposons and gene targeting
Molecular tools:
- Polymerase chain reaction
- DNA/RNA labelling and sequencing
- Southern and northern blotting
- In-situ hybridization
- DNA fingerprinting
- RAPD
- RFLP
- Site-directed mutagenesis
- Gene transfer technologies
- CRISPR-Cas
- Biosensing and biosensors
Analytical tools:
- Principles of microscopy
- Light
- Electron
- Fluorescent and confocal
- Principles of spectroscopy
- UV
- Visible
- CD
- IR
- Fluorescence
- FT-IR
- MS
- NMR
- Electrophoresis
- Micro-arrays
- Enzymatic assays
- Immunoassays – ELISA
- RIA
- Immunohistochemistry
- Immunoblotting
- Flow cytometry
- Whole genome and ChIP sequencing
Computational tools:
- Bioinformatics resources and search tools
- Sequence and structure databases
- Sequence analysis – sequence file formats
- Scoring matrices
- Alignment
- Phylogeny
- Genomics
- Proteomics
- Metabolomics
- Gene prediction
- Functional annotation
- Secondary structure and 3D structure prediction
- Knowledge discovery in Biochemical databases
- Metagenomics
- Metabolic engineering and systems Biology
GATE 2023 Exam Date, Online Application, Eligibility, Exam Pattern, Syllabus